Urodynamic examination in Milan
What is the urodynamic test?
The urodynamic examination represents a fundamental diagnostic procedure in the field of urology and gynecology, aimed at the detailed evaluation of bladder and urethral function. This test allows you to measure the capacity and efficiency of the bladder and urethra in retaining and releasing urine, providing valuable information on the presence of any dysfunctions of the lower urinary tract. Through the use of specific instruments, the urodynamic examination records various parameters, such as urinary flow, bladder and urethral pressure, and bladder capacity, thus offering a comprehensive vision of the patient’s urinary dynamics. Its application is crucial not only to diagnose, but also to guide the most appropriate therapeutic choices in the presence of symptoms such as urinary incontinence, difficulty urinating, or frequent sensations of urgency.
What is the urodynamic test for?
The primary goal of the urodynamic examination is to identify the underlying causes of urinary symptoms, such as incontinence, excessive urinary frequency, urgency, urinary retention, and pain during urination. Through this analysis, it is possible to determine whether the symptoms are due to bladder muscle problems, urethral sphincter dysfunction, obstructions or neurodysfunctions that affect urination control. Urodynamic evaluation is therefore indispensable in a variety of clinical contexts, including preparation for incontinence surgery, diagnosis of neurological problems affecting the bladder, such as in patients with multiple sclerosis or spinal injuries, and management of symptoms complex urinary problems not clearly attributable to obvious causes. This detailed analysis allows doctors to formulate a personalized treatment plan, optimizing treatment strategies based on the patient’s specific needs.
How is it done?
The execution of the urodynamic examination takes place in a specialized clinical environment and is divided into different phases, which may vary slightly depending on the specific diagnostic needs of the patient. Typically, the patient is asked to empty the bladder before the exam begins. Next, he is positioned comfortably, often sitting or lying, and sensors are attached to monitor muscle and nerve activity. The central phase of the examination involves the insertion of a thin, flexible catheter into the urethra, through which the bladder is gradually filled with sterile water or, in some cases, saline solution. A second catheter may be inserted into the rectum to measure abdominal pressure. While filling the bladder, the patient may be asked to indicate when he or she feels the urge to urinate. Once the bladder is full, the patient urinates into a device that measures urinary flow and pressure, providing valuable data on the bladder’s ability to empty. This process allows you to record accurate data on the functioning of the lower urinary tract, which is essential for the accurate diagnosis of bladder dysfunction.
Does the urodynamic test hurt? Are there any risks or inconveniences?
The urodynamic examination is generally well tolerated by most patients. The feeling of discomfort may vary from individual to individual, mainly during the insertion of catheters, but it is a brief and manageable moment. Some patients may experience a mild feeling of discomfort or urgency as the bladder is filled during the procedure. Compared to the risks, these are minimal. Rarely, urinary tract infections may occur following the introduction of catheters; for this reason, rigorous sterility measures are adopted. In exceptional cases, small bleeding or, in the presence of specific conditions, slight urethral lesions may occur. However, thanks to the professionalism of the healthcare personnel and the precision of the techniques used, the test is a safe procedure, with diagnostic benefits that far outweigh the potential risks.
Exam preparation
Preparation for the urodynamic exam includes some simple but fundamental indications to guarantee the accuracy of the results. Before the exam, it is recommended to drink an adequate amount of liquids to arrive with a moderately full bladder, facilitating the first stages of the procedure. Patients should inform their doctor about taking any medications, especially those that affect bladder function or urine output, as the dosage may need to be changed or temporarily discontinued. Additionally, it is helpful to communicate any pre-existing conditions, such as urinary tract infections or medical conditions that could affect the outcome of the test. Fasting or bowel preparations are generally not required, unless specifically indicated by the specialist. Compliance with these simple but essential instructions helps make the urodynamic examination a smooth and informative process, maximizing patient comfort and the diagnostic effectiveness of the procedure.
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