Pap test in Milan
What is the Pap test?
The Pap test, also known as the Papanicolau test, is a cytological test that involves the collection of cells from the uterine cervix which is carried out to early identify any alterations, which could develop into a tumor if not identified and treated promptly. It is one of the main tools for the prevention of cervical cancer.
How is a pap test performed?
The Pap test is performed in an outpatient clinic or in a gynecologist’s office. During the examination, the patient positions herself on a gynecological table. The doctor inserts a device called a speculum into the vagina to gently widen the vaginal walls and gain access to the cervix. Next, use a small toothbrush or swab to take a sample of cells from the surface of the cervix. The procedure is generally painless, although some women may feel mild discomfort or a sensation of pressure. The collected sample is then sent to the laboratory to be examined under a microscope for abnormal cells.
Exam preparation
To ensure the reliability of the Pap test results, it is advisable to follow some simple instructions before the exam:
- Avoid getting tested during your menstrual cycle. The ideal time is halfway between two menstruations.
- Avoid sexual intercourse, the use of tampons, vaginal creams, spermicidal foams, and intimate detergents in the 48 hours before the exam, as they can alter the composition of cells or mask anomalies.
Difference between Pap test and HPV test
The Pap test and HPV test are both screening tools for cervical cancer, but they have different purposes. The HPV test searches for the presence of human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA in the cervix, a virus that can cause cellular lesions that are precursors to cervical cancer. The Pap test, on the other hand, directly analyzes the cells taken from the cervix to detect any anomalies. In many screening protocols, the HPV test is used as the first screening after a certain age (usually 30 years and older), due to its greater sensitivity in detecting high risks of developing cervical cancer. If the result of the HPV test is positive, we proceed with the Pap test for a more detailed cytological analysis.
How often to perform a pap test
Guidelines on how often to get a Pap test may vary depending on your age, medical history and previous test results. Generally, it is recommended to start screening from the age of 25, with a frequency every 3 years up to the age of 65, if the results have always been negative and there are no additional risk factors. After the age of 30, it can be carried out together with the HPV test, extending the interval between tests to 5 years in case of negative results.
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